Keluaran 25:3

25:3 This is the offering you ¹  are to accept from them: gold, silver, bronze,

Keluaran 25:5

25:5 ram skins dyed red, ²  fine leather, ³  acacia ⁴  wood,

Keluaran 28:18

28:18 and the second row, a turquoise, a sapphire, and an emerald;

Keluaran 35:10

35:10 Every skilled person ⁵  among you is to come and make all that the Lord has commanded:

[25:3]  ¹ tn The pronoun is plural.

[25:5]  ² sn W. C. Kaiser compares this to morocco leather (“Exodus,” EBC 2:453); it was skin that had all the wool removed and then was prepared as leather and dyed red. N. M. Sarna, on the other hand, comments, “The technique of leather production is never described [in ancient Hebrew texts]. Hence, it is unclear whether Hebrew me’oddamim (מְאָדָּמִים), literally ‘made red,’ refers to the tanning or dyeing process” (Exodus [JPSTC], 157).

[25:5]  ³ tn The meaning of the word תְּחָשִׁים (tÿkhashim) is debated. The Arabic tuhas or duhas is a dolphin, and so some think a sea animal is meant – something like a dolphin or porpoise (cf. NASB; ASV “sealskins”; NIV “hides of sea cows”). Porpoises are common in the Red Sea; their skins are used for clothing by the bedouin. The word has also been connected to an Egyptian word for “leather” (ths); see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 265. Some variation of this is followed by NRSV (“fine leather”) and NLT (“fine goatskin leather”). Another suggestion connects this word to an Akkadian one that describes a precious stone that is yellow or ornge and also leather died with the color of this stone (N. M. Sarna, Exodus [JPSTC], 157-58).

[25:5]  ⁴ sn The wood of the acacia is darker and harder than oak, and so very durable.

[35:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “wise of heart”; here also “heart” would be a genitive of specification, showing that there were those who could make skillful decisions.